This contribution contains the 3D model(s) described and figured in the following publication: Da Cunha, L., Fabre, P.-H. & Hautier, L. (2024) Springhares, flying and flightless scaly-tailed squirrels (Anomaluromorpha, Rodentia) are the squirrely mouse: comparative anatomy of the masticatory musculature and its implications on the evolution of hystricomorphy in rodents. Journal of Anatomy, 244, 900–928.
  

Anomalurus derbianus 21804 View specimen

M3#1493 Masticatory apparatus of Anomalurus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1493   state:published

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Idiurus macrotis 29335 View specimen

M3#1492 Masticatory apparatus of Idiurus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1492   state:published

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Zenkerella insignis 5.5.23.27 View specimen

M3#1490 Masticatory apparatus of Zenkerella Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1490   state:published

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Pedetes capensis NA View specimen

M3#1491 Masticatory apparatus of Pedetes Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1491   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D model(s) described and figured in the following publication: The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models and CT-Scan slices of the lower jaws and teeth analyzed in “A new prozostrodontian cynodont (Eucynodontia, Probainognathia) from the Upper Triassic of southern Brazil”. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2020.1782415 

Agudotherium gassenae CAPPA/UFSM 0262 View specimen

	M3#546 Left lower jaw and cheek teeth Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.546   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#547 1578 slices Type: "3D_CT" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.547   state:published	Download CT data

Agudotherium gassenae CAPPA/UFSM 0208 View specimen

	M3#548 right lower jaw Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.548   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#549 CT data of CAPPA_UFSM_0208 Type: "3D_CT" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.549   state:published	Download CT data

This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in: The Neogene record of northern South American native ungulates. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. Doi: 10.5479/si.1943-6688.101
  

Hilarcotherium miyou IGMp 881327 View specimen

M3#318 Right upper M2 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.318   state:published

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Hilarcotherium miyou MUN-STRI 34216 View specimen

	M3#319 Right upper P4 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.319   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#320 Right upper M2 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.320   state:published	Download 3D surface file

Falcontoxodon aguilerai AMU-CURS 585 View specimen

M3#321 Maxilla with left M3-P2 and right I2 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.321   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Mourlam, M., Orliac, M. J. (2017), Protocetid (Cetacea, Artiodactyla) bullae and petrosals from the Middle Eocene locality of Kpogamé, Togo: new insights into the early history of cetacean hearing. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2017.1328378
  

?Carolinacetus indet. UM KPG-M 164 View specimen

M3#132 left petrosal of ?Carolinacetus sp. from the locality of Kpogamé, Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.132   state:published

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indet. indet. UM KPG-M 73 View specimen

	M3#133 labelled surface of the left petrosal Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.133   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#134 left bullaof Protocetidae indeterminate from Kpogamé, Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.134   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#135 petrotympanic complex of Protocetidae indeterminate from Kpogamé, Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.135   state:published	Download 3D surface file

?Carolinacetus indet. UM KPG-M 33 View specimen

M3#136 left auditory bulla of a juvenile specimen of ?Carolinacetus sp. from Kpogamé, Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.136   state:published

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Togocetus traversei UM KPG-M 80 View specimen

M3#137 fragmentary right auditory bulla of Togocetus traversei from Kpogamé, Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.137   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model of the endocranial cast of Palaeolama sp. from the mid-Pleistocene (~1.2 Mya) of South America, analyzed in Balcarcel et al. 2023.
  

Palaeolama sp. PIMUZ A/V 4091 View specimen

M3#1128 3D model of a natural endocast Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1128   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Georgalis, G.L., G. Guinot, K.E. Kassegne, Y.Z. Amoudji, A.K.C. Johnson, H. Cappetta and L. Hautier. 2021. An assemblage of giant aquatic snakes (Serpentes, Palaeophiidae) from the Eocene of Togo. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 140, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13358-021-00236-w 

Palaeophis africanus UM KPO 21 View specimen

M3#821 Trunk vertebra UM KPO 21 of Palaeophis africanus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.821   state:published

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Palaeophis africanus UM KPO 22 View specimen

M3#822 Trunk vertebra UM KPO 22 of Palaeophis africanus from the Eocene of Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.822   state:published

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Palaeophis africanus UM KPO 23 View specimen

M3#823 Trunk vertebra UM KPO 23 of Palaeophis africanus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.823   state:published

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Palaeophis africanus UM KPO 24 View specimen

M3#824 Trunk vertebra UM KPO 24 of Palaeophis africanus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.824   state:published

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Palaeophis africanus UM KPO 25 View specimen

M3#825 Trunk vertebra UM KPO 25 of Palaeophis africanus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.825   state:published

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Palaeophis africanus UM KPO 26 View specimen

M3#826 Trunk vertebra UM KPO 26 of Palaeophis africanus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.826   state:published

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Palaeophis africanus UM KPO 27 View specimen

M3#827 Trunk vertebra UM KPO 27 of Palaeophis africanus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.827   state:published

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Palaeophis africanus UM KPO 28 View specimen

M3#828 Trunk vertebra UM KPO 28 of Palaeophis africanus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.828   state:published

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Palaeophis africanus UM KPO 29 View specimen

M3#829 Trunk vertebra UM KPO 29 of Palaeophis africanus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.829   state:published

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Palaeophis africanus UM KPO 30 View specimen

M3#830 Trunk vertebra UM KPO 30 of Palaeophis africanus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.830   state:published

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Palaeophis africanus UM KPO 31 View specimen

M3#831 Trunk vertebra UM KPO 28 of Palaeophis africanus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.831   state:published

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Palaeophis africanus UM KPO 32 View specimen

M3#832 Trunk vertebra UM KPO 32 of Palaeophis africanus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.832   state:published

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Palaeophis africanus UM KPO 33 View specimen

M3#833 Trunk vertebra UM KPO 33 of Palaeophis africanus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.833   state:published

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Palaeophis africanus UM KPO 34 View specimen

M3#839 Trunk vertebra UM KPO 34 of Palaeophis africanus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.839   state:published

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Palaeophis africanus UM KPO 35 View specimen

M3#840 Trunk vertebra UM KPO 35 of Palaeophis africanus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.840   state:published

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Palaeophis africanus UM KPO 36 View specimen

M3#841 Trunk vertebra UM KPO 36 of Palaeophis africanus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.841   state:published

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Palaeophis africanus UM KPO 37 View specimen

M3#842 Trunk vertebra UM KPO 37 of Palaeophis africanus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.842   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model analyzed in Hendrickx, C. and Bell, P. R. 2021. The scaly skin of the abelisaurid Carnotaurus sastrei (Theropoda: Ceratosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia. Cretaceous Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104994 

Carnotaurus sastrei MACN 894 View specimen

M3#802 3D reconstruction of the biggest patch of skin (~1200 cm2) from the anterior tail region of the holotype of Carnotaurus, which is the largest single patch of squamous integument available for any saurischian. The skin consists of medium to large (up to 65 mm in diameter) conical feature scales surrounded by a network of low and small (< 14 mm) irregular basement scales separated by narrow interstitial tissue. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.802   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D models of the fossil teeth of two chinchilloid caviomorph rodents (Borikenomys praecursor and Chinchilloidea gen. et sp. indet.) discovered from lower Oligocene deposits of Puerto Rico, San Sebastian Formation (locality LACM Loc. 8060). These fossils were described and figured in the following publication: Marivaux et al. (2020), Early Oligocene chinchilloid caviomorphs from Puerto Rico and the initial rodent colonization of the West Indies. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2806 

Borikenomys praecursor LACM 162447 View specimen

M3#638 Right lower m3. This isolated tooth was scanned with a resolution of 6 µm using a μ-CT-scanning station EasyTom 150 / Rx Solutions (Montpellier RIO Imaging, ISE-M, Montpellier, France). AVIZO 7.1 (Visualization Sciences Group) software was used for visualization, segmentation, and 3D rendering. The specimen was prepared within a “labelfield” module of AVIZO, using the segmentation threshold selection tool. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.638   state:published

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Borikenomys praecursor LACM 162446 View specimen

M3#639 Fragment of lower molar (most of the mesial part). This isolated broken tooth was scanned with a resolution of 6 µm using a μ-CT-scanning station EasyTom 150 / Rx Solutions (Montpellier RIO Imaging, ISE-M, Montpellier, France). AVIZO 7.1 (Visualization Sciences Group) software was used for visualization, segmentation, and 3D rendering. The specimen was prepared within a “labelfield” module of AVIZO, using the segmentation threshold selection tool. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.639   state:published

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indet indet LACM 162448 View specimen

M3#640 Fragment of either an upper tooth (mesial laminae) or a lower tooth (distal laminae). The specimen was scanned with a resolution of 6 µm using a μ-CT-scanning station EasyTom 150 / Rx Solutions (Montpellier RIO Imaging, ISE-M, Montpellier, France). AVIZO 7.1 (Visualization Sciences Group) software was used for visualization, segmentation, and 3D rendering. This fragment of tooth was prepared within a “labelfield” module of AVIZO, using the segmentation threshold selection tool. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.640   state:published

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This contribution includes the 3D models of the reconstructed ossicular chain of the cainotheriid Caenomeryx filholi from the late Oligocene locality of Pech Desse (MP28, Quercy, France) described and figured in the publication of Assemat et al. (2020). It represents the oldest ossicular chain reconstruction for a Paleogene terrestrial artiodactyl species. 

Caenomeryx filholi UM PDS 3353 View specimen

M3#508 reconstruction of the middle ear with petrosal, bulla, stapes, incus, malleus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.508   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model analyzed in the article : Dubied et al. (2021), Endocranium and ecology of Eurotherium theriodis, a European hyaenodont mammal from the Lutetian. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 2021, https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00771.2020 

Eurotherium theriodis NMB.Em12 View specimen

	M3#381 NMB.Em12 unprepared specimen Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.381   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#382 NMB.Em12 cranium Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.382   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#383 NMB.Em12 endocast Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.383   state:published	Download 3D surface file

The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in the publication Fossils from the Montceau-les-Mines Lagerstätte (305 Ma) shed light on the anatomy, ecology and phylogeny of Carboniferous millipedes. Authors: Lheritier Mickael, Perroux Maëva, Vannier Jean, Escarguel Gilles, Wesener Thomas, Moritz Leif, Chabard Dominique, Adrien Jerome and Perrier Vincent. Journal of Systematics Palaeontology. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2169891 

Amynilyspes fatimae MNHN.F.SOT.2134 View specimen

M3#1073 Nearly complete specimen. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1073   state:published

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Amynilyspes fatimae MNHN.F.SOT.14983 View specimen

M3#1074 Nearly complete specimen. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1074   state:published

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Amynilyspes fatimae MNHN.F.SOT.2129 View specimen

M3#1075 Nearly complete specimen. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1075   state:published

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Blanzilius parriati MNHN.F.SOT.2114A View specimen

M3#1076 Front part. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1076   state:published

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Blanzilius parriati MNHN.F.SOT.5148 View specimen

M3#1077 Front part. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1077   state:published

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Blanzilius parriati MNHN.F.SOT.2113 View specimen

M3#1078 Fragment with legs, sternites and possible tracheal openings. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1078   state:published

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Blanzilius parriati MNHN.F.SOT.81522 View specimen

M3#1079 Nealry complete specimen. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1079   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D model of an endocranial cast analyzed in “A 10 ka intentionally deformed human skull from Northeast Asia”. There are many studies on the morphological characteristics of intentional cranial deformation (ICD), but few related 3D models were published. Here, we present the surface model of an intentionally deformed 10 ka human cranium for further research on ICD practice. The 3D model of the endocranial cast of this ICD cranium was discovered near Harbin City, Province Heilongjiang, Northeast China. The fossil preserved only the frontal, parietal, and occipital bones. To complete the endocast model of the specimen, we printed a 3D model and used modeling clay to reconstruct the missing part based on the general form of the modern human endocast morphology.
  

Homo sapiens IVPP-PA1616 View specimen

	M3#972 The frontal region of the endocast is flattened, probably formed by the constant pressure on the frontal bone during growth. There is a well-developed frontal crest on the endocranial surface. The endocast widens posteriorly from the frontal lobe. The widest point of the endocast is at the lateral border of the parietal lobe. The lower parietal areas display a marked lateral expansion. The overall shape of the endocast is asymmetrical, with the left side of the parietal lobe being more laterally expanded than the right side. Like the frontal lobe, the occipital lobe is also anteroposteriorly flattened. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.972   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#976 The original endocranial cast model (with texture) of IVPP-PA1616. It shows the original structures of the specimen, and was not altered in any way. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.976   state:published	Download 3D surface file

The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model of the skin of Allosaurus described in Hendrickx, C. et al. in press. Morphology and distribution of scales, dermal ossifications, and other non-feather integumentary structures in non-avialan theropod dinosaurs. Biological Reviews. 

Allosaurus jimmadseni UMNH VP C481 View specimen

M3#902 The material consists of a 3D reconstruction of the counterpart of a 30 cm2 patch of skin impression associated with the anterior dorsal ribs/pectoral region of the specimen of Allosaurus jimmadseni UMNH VP C481. The skin shows a semi-uniform basement of 1-2 mm diameter pebbles with a smaller number of slightly larger (up to 3 mm) ovoid scales. The irregular shape, distribution, and overall small size of these larger scales suggest that they are not classifiable as feature scales but rather as variations in the basement scales. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.902   state:published

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Our knowledge of the external brain morphology of the late Eocene artiodactyl ungulate Mixtotherium, relies on a plaster model realized on a specimen from the Victor Brun Museum in Montauban (France) and described by Dechaseaux (1973). Here, based on micro CT-scan data, we virtually reconstruct the 3D cast of the empty cavity of the partial cranium MA PHQ 716 from the Victor Brun Museum and compare it to the plaster model illustrated and described by Dechaseaux (1973). Indeed, the specimen from which the original plaster endocast originates was not identified by Dechaseaux by a specimen number. We confirm here that the studied specimen was indeed the one described and illustrated by Dechaseaux (1973). We also reconstruct a second, more detailed, model providing additional morphological and quantitative observations made available by micro CT scan investigation such as precisions on the neopallium folding and endocranial volumes.
  

Mixtotherium cuspidatum MA PHQ 716 View specimen

M3#857 endocast of the brain cavity Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.857   state:published

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This contribution provides for the first time the 3D model of the type specimen of Molassitherium delemontense (Mammalia, Rhinocerotidae) described in the following publication: Becker et al. (2013), Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, Vol. 11, Issue 8, 947–972, https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2012.699007. Conservation issues of the specimen and solutions using 3D model and 3D prints are detailed. 

Molassitherium delemontense MJSN POI007–245 View specimen

M3#384 Skull of Molassitherium delemontense Becker and Antoine, 2013 (in Becker et al. 2013): holotype Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.384   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model analyzed in Vautrin et al. (2019), Palaeontology, From limb to fin: an Eocene protocetid forelimb from Senegal sheds new light on the early locomotor evolution of early cetaceans. 

?Carolinacetus indet. SNTB 2011-01 View specimen

M3#398 3D model of an articulated forelimb of a Carolinacetus-like protocetid from Senegal Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.398   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model analyzed in Gaetano, L. C., Abdala, F., Seoane, F. D., Tartaglione, A., Schulz, M., Otero, A., Leardi, J. M., Apaldetti, C., Krapovickas, V., and Steinbach, E. 2021. A new cynodont from the Upper Triassic Los Colorados Formation (Argentina, South America) reveals a novel paleobiogeographic context for mammalian ancestors. Scientific Reports. 

Tessellatia bonapartei PULR-V121 View specimen

M3#960 3D surface model of PULR-V121 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.960   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model analyzed in Presence of the ground sloth Valgipes bucklandi (Xenarthra, Folivora, Scelidotheriinae) in southern Uruguay during the Late Pleistocene: Ecological and biogeographical implications. Quaternary International. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2021.06.011 

Valgipes bucklandi CAV 1573 View specimen

M3#797 Left tibia-fibula Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.797   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models of the sacral vertebrae analyzed in “Sacral co-ossification in dinosaurs: The oldest record of fused sacral vertebrae in Dinosauria and the diversity of sacral co-ossification patterns in the group”.
  

Buriolestes schultzi CAPPA/UFSM 0035 View specimen

M3#705 Sacral vertebrae of Buriolestes schultzi Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.705   state:published

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indet indet CAPPA/UFSM 0228 View specimen

M3#706 Sacral vertebrae of a saurischian dinosaur indet. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.706   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in the publication ‘Ontogenetic development of the otic region in the new model organism, Leucoraja erinacea (Chondrichthyes; Rajidae)’, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755691018000993
  

Leucoraja erinacea 2018.9.26.1 View specimen

M3#367 3D model of the right skeletal labyrinth of the adult specimen of Leucoraja erincea. T Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.367   state:published

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Leucoraja erinacea 2018.9.25.2 View specimen

M3#368 3D model of the right skeletal labyrinth of the stage 34 specimen of Leucoraja erincea. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.368   state:published

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Leucoraja erinacea 2018.9.25.3 View specimen

	M3#369 3D model of the right skeletal labyrinth of the stage 32 specimen of Leucoraja erinacea. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.369   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#372 3D model of the right membranous system of stage 32 of Leucoraja erincea. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.372   state:published	Download 3D surface file

Leucoraja erinacea 2018.9.25.4 View specimen

M3#370 3D model of the right skeletal labyrinth of the stage 31 specimen of Leucoraja erinacea. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.370   state:published

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Leucoraja erinacea 2018.9.26.5 View specimen

M3#376 3D model of the right skeletal labyrinth of the stage 29 specimen of Leucoraja erinacea. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.376   state:published

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