This contribution contains the 3D model(s) described and figured in the following publication: Carolina A. Hoffmann, P. G. Rodrigues, M. B. Soares & M. B. Andrade. 2021. Brain endocast of two non-mammaliaform cynodonts from southern Brazil: an ontogenetic and evolutionary approach, Historical Biology, 33:8, 1196-1207, https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2019.1685512 

Probelesodon kitchingi MCP 1600 PV View specimen

M3#978 3D model of the brain endocast of Probelesodon kitchingi. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.978   state:published

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Massetognathus ochagaviae MCP 3871 PV View specimen

M3#979 3D model of the brain endocast of Massetognathus ochagaviae. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.979   state:published

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This contribution contains 3D models of extinct rodents Dinomyidae from Miocene and Quaternary of Brazil. The Miocene specimens that were digitalized include the holotypes of Potamarchus adamiae, Pseudopotamarchus villanuevai, and Ferigolomys pacarana collected in the Solimões Formation (Upper Miocene), northern Brazil. The Quaternary specimens are the holotype and paratype of Niedemys piauiensis, found in Upper Pleistocene deposits from northeast Brazil. 

Potamarchus adamiae UFAC-CS 011 View specimen

M3#410 UFAC-CS 011 – holotype, palatal region of the skull with cheek teeth Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.410   state:published

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Potamarchus adamiae UFAC-CS 043 View specimen

M3#411 UFAC-CS 043, left dentary with cheek teeth Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.411   state:published

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Pseudopotamarchus villanuevai UFAC 4762 View specimen

M3#412 UFAC 4762 – holotype, incomplete right maxilla with cheek teeth Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.412   state:published

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Ferigolomys pacarana UFAC 6460 View specimen

M3#413 UFAC 6460 – holotype, palatal region of the skull with cheek teeth Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.413   state:published

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Drytomomys sp. UFAC 2742 View specimen

M3#414 UFAC 2742, right dentary with cheek teeth Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.414   state:published

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Niedemys piauiensis FUMDHAM 113-146365-2 View specimen

M3#418 FUMDHAM 113-146365-2 - holotype, upper right tooth Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.418   state:published

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Niedemys piauiensis FUMDHAM 113-145304-2 View specimen

M3#419 FUMDHAM 113-145304-2 - paratype, left lower molar Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.419   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in the publication ‘Ontogenetic development of the otic region in the new model organism, Leucoraja erinacea (Chondrichthyes; Rajidae)’, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755691018000993
  

Leucoraja erinacea 2018.9.26.1 View specimen

M3#367 3D model of the right skeletal labyrinth of the adult specimen of Leucoraja erincea. T Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.367   state:published

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Leucoraja erinacea 2018.9.25.2 View specimen

M3#368 3D model of the right skeletal labyrinth of the stage 34 specimen of Leucoraja erincea. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.368   state:published

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Leucoraja erinacea 2018.9.25.3 View specimen

	M3#369 3D model of the right skeletal labyrinth of the stage 32 specimen of Leucoraja erinacea. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.369   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#372 3D model of the right membranous system of stage 32 of Leucoraja erincea. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.372   state:published	Download 3D surface file

Leucoraja erinacea 2018.9.25.4 View specimen

M3#370 3D model of the right skeletal labyrinth of the stage 31 specimen of Leucoraja erinacea. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.370   state:published

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Leucoraja erinacea 2018.9.26.5 View specimen

M3#376 3D model of the right skeletal labyrinth of the stage 29 specimen of Leucoraja erinacea. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.376   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in Velazco P. M., Grohé C. 2017. Comparative anatomy of the bony labyrinth of the bats Platalina genovensium (Phyllostomidae, Lonchophyllinae) and Tomopeas ravus (Molossidae, Tomopeatinae). Biotempo 14(2). 

Platalina genovensium 278520 View specimen

M3#276 Right bony labyrinth surface positioned (.PLY) Labels associated (.FLG) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.276   state:published

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Tomopeas ravus 278525 View specimen

M3#277 Right bony labyrinth surface (.PLY) Labels associated (.FLG) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.277   state:published

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The presented dataset contains the 3D surface scan of the holotype of Birgeria americana, a partial skull described and depicted in: Romano, C., Jenks, J.F., Jattiot, R., Scheyer, T.M., Bylund, K.G. & Bucher, H. 2017. Marine Early Triassic Actinopterygii from Elko County (Nevada, USA): implications for the Smithian equatorial vertebrate eclipse. Journal of Paleontology. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2017.36 . 

Birgeria americana NMMNH P-66225 View specimen

M3#175 NMMNH P-66225 is from upper lower Smithian to lower upper Smithian beds (Thaynes Group). The collecting site is located about 2.75 km south-southeast of the Winecup Ranch, east-central Elko County, Nevada, USA. P-66225 is a partial skull preserved within a large limestone nodule, with its right side exposed. It preserves the portion between the cleithrum posteriorly, and the level of the hind margin of the orbital opening anteriorly. The fossil has a length of 26 cm. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.175   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D model described and figured in the following publication: Ramdarshan A., Orliac M.J., 2015. Endocranial morphology of Microchoerus erinaceus (Euprimates, Tarsiiformes) and early evolution of the Euprimates brain. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.22868

  

Microchoerus erinaceus UM-PRR1771 View specimen

	M3#15 Labelled 3D model of the endocranial cast and sinuse of Microchoerus erinaceus. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf15   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1303 50µm voxel size µCT scan of the cranium of UM PRR1771 Type: "3D_CT" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1303   state:published	Download CT data

The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model analyzed in Presence of the ground sloth Valgipes bucklandi (Xenarthra, Folivora, Scelidotheriinae) in southern Uruguay during the Late Pleistocene: Ecological and biogeographical implications. Quaternary International. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2021.06.011 

Valgipes bucklandi CAV 1573 View specimen

M3#797 Left tibia-fibula Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.797   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models of the brain endocast analyzed in “Virtual brain endocast of Antifer (Mammalia: Cervidae), an extinct large cervid from South America”. 

Antifer ensenadensis U-4922 View specimen

M3#550 Brain endocast Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.550   state:published

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Antifer ensenadensis MCN-PV 943 View specimen

M3#551 Brain endocast Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.551   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model used in in the following publication: Interacting with the inaccessible: utilization of multimedia-based visual contents of Japan’s National Monument, the Taniwhasaurus mikasaensis (Mosasauridae) holotype for educational workshops at Mikasa City Museum. 

Taniwhasaurus mikasaensis MCM.M0009 View specimen

M3#499 Taniwhasaurus mikasaensis, Caldwell et al. 2008 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.499   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D model of an endocranial cast analyzed in “A 10 ka intentionally deformed human skull from Northeast Asia”. There are many studies on the morphological characteristics of intentional cranial deformation (ICD), but few related 3D models were published. Here, we present the surface model of an intentionally deformed 10 ka human cranium for further research on ICD practice. The 3D model of the endocranial cast of this ICD cranium was discovered near Harbin City, Province Heilongjiang, Northeast China. The fossil preserved only the frontal, parietal, and occipital bones. To complete the endocast model of the specimen, we printed a 3D model and used modeling clay to reconstruct the missing part based on the general form of the modern human endocast morphology.
  

Homo sapiens IVPP-PA1616 View specimen

	M3#972 The frontal region of the endocast is flattened, probably formed by the constant pressure on the frontal bone during growth. There is a well-developed frontal crest on the endocranial surface. The endocast widens posteriorly from the frontal lobe. The widest point of the endocast is at the lateral border of the parietal lobe. The lower parietal areas display a marked lateral expansion. The overall shape of the endocast is asymmetrical, with the left side of the parietal lobe being more laterally expanded than the right side. Like the frontal lobe, the occipital lobe is also anteroposteriorly flattened. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.972   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#976 The original endocranial cast model (with texture) of IVPP-PA1616. It shows the original structures of the specimen, and was not altered in any way. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.976   state:published	Download 3D surface file

The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model of a skull analyzed in “A Puma concolor (Carnivora: Felidae) in the Middle-Late Holocene landscapes of the Brazilian Northeast (Bahia): submerged cave deposits and stable isotopes”. The 3D model was generated by photogrammetry. 

Puma concolor MN 57461 View specimen

M3#843 Cranium Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.843   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D surface model of the holotype cranium of the Late Jurassic thalassochelydian turtle Solnhofia brachyrhyncha described and figured in the publication of Anquetin and Püntener (2020). 

Solnhofia brachyrhyncha MJSN BAN001-2.1 View specimen

M3#536 Textured 3D surface model of the holotype cranium of the Late Jurassic turtle Solnhofia brachyrhyncha Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.536   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D model of the holotype of Simplomys hugi, the new dormouse species from the locality of Glovelier described and figured in the following publication: New data on the Miocene dormouse Simplomys García-Paredes, 2009 from the peri-alpin basins of Switzerland and Germany: palaeodiversity of a rare genus in Central Europe. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-018-0339-y 

Simplomys hugi MJSN-GLM017-0001 View specimen

M3#385 the left maxilla with four teeth ( DP4, P4, M1 and M2) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.385   state:published

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The present 3D dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in the publication: Rosa, R. M., Salvador, R. B., & Cavallari, D. C. (2025). The disappearing act of the magician tree snail: anatomy, distribution, and phylogenetic relationships of Drymaeus magus (Gastropoda: Bulimulidae), a long-lost species hidden in plain sight. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 

Drymaeus magus CMRP 1049 View specimen

	M3#1597 Internal organs of Drymaeus magus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1597   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1598 External surface of Drymaeus magus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1598   state:published	Download 3D surface file

The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model analyzed in the following publication: occurrence of the ground sloth Nothrotheriops (Xenarthra, Folivora) in the Late Pleistocene of Uruguay: New information on its dietary and habitat preferences based on stable isotope analysis. Journal of Mammalian Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10914-023-09660-w 

Nothrotheriops sp. CAV 1466 View specimen

M3#1129 Left humerus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1129   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains 3D models of the cranial, visceral, and pectoral endoskeleton of Iniopera, an iniopterygian stem-group holocephalan from the Pennsylvanian of the USA. These data formed the basis for the analyses carried out in Dearden et al. (2023) “Evidence for high-performance suction feeding in the Pennsylvanian stem-group holocephalan Iniopera” PNAS. 

Iniopera sp. KUNHM 22060, 158289 View specimen

M3#1034 plys of the head endoskeleton of Iniopera sp. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1034   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Aguirre-Fernández G, Jost J, and Hilfiker S. 2022. First records of extinct kentriodontid and squalodelphinid dolphins from the Upper Marine Molasse (Burdigalian age) of Switzerland and a reappraisal of the Swiss cetacean fauna. 

Kentriodon sp. NMBE 5023944 View specimen

M3#858 3D models of left periotic and bony labyrinth of NMBE 5023944 (Kentriodon sp.) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.858   state:published

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Kentriodon sp. NMBE 5023945 View specimen

M3#859 3D models of right periotic and bony labyrinth of NMBE 5023945 (Kentriodontidae indet.) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.859   state:published

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Kentriodon sp. NMBE 5023946 View specimen

M3#860 3D models of left periotic and bony labyrinth of NMBE 5023946 (Kentriodon sp.) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.860   state:published

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Kentriodon sp. NMBE 5036436 View specimen

M3#861 3D models of right periotic and bony labyrinth of NMBE 5036436 (Kentriodontidae indet.) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.861   state:published

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indet. indet. NMBE 5023942 View specimen

M3#862 3D models of right periotic and bony labyrinth of NMBE 5023942 (Squalodelphinidae indet.) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.862   state:published

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indet. indet. NMBE 5023943 View specimen

M3#863 3D models of left periotic and bony labyrinth of NMBE 5023943 (Squalodelphinidae indet.) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.863   state:published

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indet. indet. NMBE 5036437 View specimen

M3#864 3D models of left periotic and bony labyrinth of NMBE 5036437 (Physeteridae indet.) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.864   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Bonis, L. de, Grohé, C., Surault, J., Gardin, A. 2022. Description of the first cranium and endocranial structures of Stenoplesictis minor (Mammalia, Carnivora), an early aeluroid from the Oligocene of the Quercy Phosphorites (southwestern France). Historical Biology. https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2022.2045980 

Stenoplesictis minor UM-ACQ 6705 View specimen

	M3#961 Endocranium Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.961   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#962 Right bony labyrinth Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.962   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#963 Left bony labyrinth Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.963   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#964 Cranium in transparency with endocranial structures Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.964   state:published	Download 3D surface file

The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models of an ilium, a vertebra, and a partial scapula of Prestosuchus sp. that were analyzed in “New Loricata remains from the Pinheiros-Chiniquá Sequence (Middle-Upper Triassic), southern Brazil”. 

Prestosuchus sp. UFSM11603 View specimen

M3#1080 Surface scan of a right ilium of Prestosuchus sp. with a 0.4 mm resolution. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1080   state:published

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Prestosuchus sp. UFSM11233 View specimen

M3#1081 Surface scan of a partial right scapula of Prestosuchus sp. with a 0.4mm resolution. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1081   state:published

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Prestosuchus sp. UFSM11602a View specimen

M3#1082 Surface scan of a anterior dorsal vertebra of Prestosuchus sp. with a 0.2 mm resolution. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1082   state:published

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